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Located 100 km from north of İzmir in the Bakırçay river basin, Bergama
is one of the Turkey's oldest civilized settlements which, has been
inhabited from pre-historic times through the Ionic, Roman and Byzantine
civilizations. It has yielded archeological treasures of which
importance is recognized world-wide.To the southwest of Bergama,
Asclepion, an important health center of the ancient world, the
acropolis founded on top of a steep hill (300 m) and the Temple of
Serapis (Kızıl Avlu) make this area a fascinating stop for
history-loving tourists. The Altar of Zeus was smuggled to Germany in
1897.
History
The modern day name, comes directly from its ancient
name, Pergamum. Known for centuries for its monuments, it was a great
city and served as the centre of Pergamum kingdom. Its location made it
strategic in the Middle Ages and was the centre of the Karesioğullari
Principality before it finally became a part of the Ottoman State. The
city's golden era was during the reign of Attalos I and his son Eumenes
II, the time when an acropolis, theatre and other important projects
were completed. It was an important city in the Roman period. The city
experienced many developments during the reign of Hadrian (117-138 AD),
and it was adorned with Roman works of art. In the Byzantine era after
the spread of Christianity, Bergama was first under the influence of the
bishopric of Ephesus, and then became a metropolis.
Climate
The Mediterranean Climate dominates the region. Summers are hot and dry while winters are mild and rainy.